The COVID 19 pandemic exposed stark inequalities in global vaccine distribution, prompting a global reckoning on how vaccines are shared and accessed. While some wealthy countries quickly secured millions of doses, many low and middle income nations struggled to vaccinate even their most vulnerable populations. This disparity highlighted the urgent need for reforms in vaccine distribution to ensure equity in future global health crises. At the height of the pandemic, initiatives like COVAX aimed to address these disparities by pooling resources to provide vaccines to lower income nations. Despite its noble goals, COVAX faced challenges, including funding shortfalls and supply chain disruptions, which limited its effectiveness. By the end of 2021, while over 70% of people in high income countries had received at least one dose, less than 10% of those in low income countries had access to vaccines. This imbalance prolonged the pandemic and gave rise to new variants. One major issue was vaccine nationalism. Wealthy countries secured bilateral deals with pharmaceutical companies, stockpiling more vaccines than they needed. This left limited supplies for poorer nations. Intellectual property rights and manufacturing constraints further complicated global access. Calls for a temporary waiver of vaccine patents, especially for mRNA vaccines, were met with resistance from pharmaceutical giants, delaying local production in many regions. Post pandemic, there is growing recognition that a more just system is required. One solution is to strengthen regional vaccine production capabilities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America to reduce dependency on external suppliers. Organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) are advocating for a global treaty to ensure fair vaccine allocation during future pandemics. This would include technology sharing, investment in research, and prioritizing at risk populations, regardless of their country’s wealth. Achieving vaccine equity is not just a moral obligation but also crucial for global health security.