In an increasingly digital world, cybersecurity threats have surged, posing significant risks to governments and corporations alike. As reliance on technology deepens, the frequency and sophistication of cyber attacks have escalated, highlighting the urgent need for robust security measures. Recent years have witnessed high profile breaches affecting major organizations and government entities. From ransomware attacks that cripple critical infrastructure to data breaches exposing sensitive information, the consequences are dire. The 2020 Solar Winds attack, which compromised numerous U.S. federal agencies, exemplifies how advanced persistent threats can infiltrate even the most secure systems. The motivations behind these cyber attacks are varied. State sponsored actors often engage in espionage or disruption, targeting sensitive information to gain strategic advantages. Criminal organizations, on the other hand, frequently leverage ransomware to extort money, as seen in the Colonial Pipeline incident, which led to fuel shortages across the eastern United States. Corporations are particularly vulnerable due to their extensive networks and complex supply chains. The rise of remote work has further expanded attack surfaces, as employees access company systems from potentially insecure home environments. This shift necessitates heightened vigilance and comprehensive security protocols. Governments and corporations are responding to these challenges through increased investment in cybersecurity measures. Initiatives such as the U.S. Cybersecurity Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) focus on improving collaboration between public and private sectors to enhance defences. Furthermore, organizations are adopting a proactive approach, implementing advanced threat detection systems, employee training, and incident response plans. Despite these efforts, challenges remain. The cybersecurity talent shortage is a significant hurdle, as the demand for skilled professionals far exceeds supply.