Food security remains one of the most pressing issues of our time, affecting millions worldwide. Defined as the availability, access, and utilization of food, food security is increasingly threatened by a myriad of challenges within global supply chains and agricultural practices. One significant factor contributing to food insecurity is climate change. Extreme weather events, rising temperatures, and shifting precipitation patterns disrupt agricultural production, particularly in vulnerable regions. Smallholder farmers, who produce a substantial portion of the world’s food, are disproportionately affected, facing crop failures and reduced yields. As a result, global food supply chains become strained, leading to increased prices and decreased access to nutritious food. Another critical challenge is the consolidation of food supply chains. A handful of multinational corporations dominate agricultural production and distribution, which can lead to inefficiencies and vulnerabilities. When disruptions occur such as pandemics or geopolitical conflicts the effects ripple through the entire system, causing shortages and price spikes. For instance, the COVID 19 pandemic exposed the fragility of food supply networks, leading to significant food waste in some areas while others faced shortages. Additionally, socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in food security. Inequities in wealth distribution and access to resources hinder many from obtaining sufficient food. Rural communities, particularly in developing nations, often lack infrastructure, technology, and investment necessary for sustainable agricultural practices. This perpetuates a cycle of poverty and hunger. Addressing these challenges requires a multi faceted approach. Promoting sustainable agricultural practices can enhance resilience to climate change and reduce reliance on chemical inputs. Investment in local food systems and infrastructure can empower communities, ensuring they have reliable access to food. Furthermore, policy interventions are essential.