The global energy landscape is undergoing a transformative shift as nations increasingly pivot towards renewable energy sources. This transition is driven by urgent climate goals, technological advancements, and growing public demand for sustainable solutions. However, the path to a cleaner energy future is fraught with challenges, particularly regarding the reliance on fossil fuels. In recent years, investments in renewable energy such as solar, wind, and hydropower have surged. According to the International Energy Agency, renewables are set to account for a significant portion of global energy generation by 2025. Countries are implementing ambitious policies, such as net-zero emissions targets, to accelerate this shift. The European Union, for example, aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, fostering innovation in green technologies. Despite these advancements, the transition is complicated by the ongoing reliance on fossil fuels. Many economies still depend heavily on oil, coal, and natural gas for energy security and economic stability. This dependency poses significant obstacles, especially as global energy prices fluctuate. The conflict in Ukraine has underscored this vulnerability, leading to energy supply concerns and prompting countries to reconsider their energy strategies. Furthermore, the infrastructure for renewable energy is still in development. Grid systems require modernization to accommodate decentralized energy production, and there is a pressing need for energy storage solutions to address the intermittency of renewables. The transition also demands substantial investments and political will, which can be challenging in regions where fossil fuel industries hold considerable influence. Social factors play a critical role in the energy transition as well. The shift away from fossil fuels can lead to job losses in traditional energy sectors, raising concerns about economic displacement. Policymakers must ensure that the transition is just and equitable, providing support and retraining for affected workers.